Books,+Newspapers+&+Magazines

= Books, Newspapers & Magazines = =  =

Early Printing
100 B.C.E- [|Acta Diurna] in Ceasar’s Rome c.e. 105 [|Rag-based paper] invented in China 282 BC [|The Library of Alexandria] is established in Egypt 131 BC The first newspaper, the [|Acta Diurna], was published in Rome 48 BC [|The Library of Alexandria] is burnt down 700 Arab traders introduce paper to the West 868 The oldest known printed book, [|"The Diamond Sutra"] is produced in China 1000 [|Movable clay type] invented in China 2000 The first known librarian, Amit Anu 1234 [|movable metal type] invented in Korea 1338 First Paper Mill opened in France 1400 [|Johannes Gutenberg] is born 1453 Johannes Gutenberg invents the moveable printing press 1455 [|Johann Gutenberg Bible] published 1500- By now over 242 [|printing presses]existed in the world 1584-The [|Cambridge University Press] began operation. It is the world's oldest publisher and printer.

1600s
1609-First [|newspapers] in Europe 1602 [|The Bodley], the first lending library is established 1620 //[|Corantos]//, first news sheet published 1625 First [|advertisement] appears in English newspaper 1625- [|Broadsides]

1629- First Printing Press Brought to America (Cambridge Mass.)

Printing Press



1639 The first books are published in the American Colonies- "Freedom's Oath" and "An Almanack" 1640- Puritans publish the [|Bay Psalm Book] 1638 [|First printing press in the colonies] 1638 First library in America- [|The Harvard University Library] 1640 //[|Diurnos]//, first daily newspaper published 1641- [|Diurnals] 1644 //The Whole Booke of Psalms,// first book printed in the colonies.

1665- [|Oxford Gazette] 1663 The first magazine in the world is published, [|"//Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen"//] 1690 //[|Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick] [|,] // first newspaper in America

1700s
1704 [|First classified newspaper ad] appears 1721 New England Courant published by James Franklin without goverment permission.

New England Courant 1723- Pennsylvania Gazette Published

Pennsylvania Gazette

1729 Benjamin Franklin and Hugh Meredith purchase The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences and Pennsylvania Gazette

Pennsylvania Gazette 1729- Ben Franklin published "[|A Modest Enquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper- Currency]" 1731 //[|The Gentleman’s Magazine]//, first general interest magazine published in London 1731- [|Ben Franklin] founds first public library. 1732[| Poor Richards Almanack] 1734- [|The Zenger Trial]

1735- [|Peter Zenger]Jailed for publishing news openly critical of British Officials

1741 [|First magazines appear in the American colonies] 1765 [|Stamp Act] 1774 Thomas Paine writes Common Sense

1774- [|James Wilson] Publishes “ Considerations on the Nature and extent of the Legislature Authority of British Parliament

1783 The first daily newspaper emerged

The Pennsylvania Evening Post 1791- The [|first amendment]on the Constitution

1792- The First Literary [|Journal for Women] 1796 German Alois Senefelder develops lithography, a method of image transfer that produces high-quality printed images 1798- [|The Alien and Sedition Acts]

1800s
1800 Continuous [|roll paper] 1807John Wiley & Sons established

1811 [|Steam Powered printing press] 1813- Congress establishes the [|U.S.Government Printing Office] to allow all Americans access to the work of the three branches of government. 1817[| Harper Brothers established] 1821- [|Saturday Evening Post] 1822 First mechanical typesetting device is invented by William Church

1827 First African American Newspaper Freedoms Journal Emerges 1828 – First Native American newspaper in U.S Cherokee Phoenix

1828 – Noah Webster publishes first dictionary 1829 The first encyclopedia in America, [|"//Encyclopaedia Americana,"//]is published in Philadelphia 1830 R.Hoe and Company build a steam powered printing press 1833- The [|penny press] 1835 Paperback books begin being published by [|Penguin Books] 1836- [|William McGuffey] publishes the first reading textbooks. 1839- Improved[| pulp making]

1840’s- Textbooks, Medical, Reference, and Engineering books become popular. 1844- Introduction of the [|telegraph]

Textbooks of the 40's

Steam Powered Printing Press 1850- [|Haper's] 1841- [|Horace Greeley] founded the New York Tribune 1846 Rotary type invented in United States 1847- [|Frederick Douglass’s North Star] 1848 [|Associated Press] wire news service begins operation

1850 P.T Barnum starts running newspaper ads for Jenny Lind 1851 The Post Office starts offering a special cheap newspaper 1851 "The New York Times" makes its debut for a penny a copy 1852 [|Stowe's Uncle Toms Cabin] 1856- [|The New York Associated Press] 1857- [|Atlantic Monthly] 1860 Publication of [|the dime novel] begins 1861- [|U.S. achieves highest literacy rate in the world] 1863 Rotary Web-Fed letterpress invented by William Bullock 1865 Web Offset can print on both sides of paper at once

1867- The magazine [|Harper's Bazaar] premieres. 1868- [|Vanity Fair]magazine begins. 1870 Domestic novels aimed at women emerged 1870 Paper is now mass manufactures from wood pulp. 1873- Anthony Comstock established the [|New York Society for Suppression of Vice] 1878 Photogravure printing invented by Karl Klic 1879 Postal Act

1880-1/3 of all books published in the U.S are paperback

Paperback books 1883- [|Ladies Home Journal] begins. 1883- Pulitzer’s New York World, [|yellow journalism]

1884 Linotype Machines

1885 Offset Lithography 1886- [|Cosmopolitan] magazine begins. 1888 [|National Geographic Magazine]is launched in the U.S. 1889- [|Wall Street Journal] 1891 The copyright act of 1891 prohibits the reprinting of English titles in paperback form, making paperbacks virtually nonexistent 1892- [|Vogue’s] first issue

1893 The Royal Baking Powder Company becomes the biggest newspaper advertiser in the world

1894 Kipling’s //[|The Jungle Book] appears// 1895 Congress establishes the Government Printing Office 1897 [|Newspaper comic strips]are collected and sold 1898[| Newspapers, led by Hearst and Pulitzer], help push U.S. into war with Spain 1899 Gilbert Grosvenor introduces photographs to National Geographoc magazine 1899- [|James H. McGraw] founded "The McGraw Publishing Company."

1900s
1905- [|Chicago Defender] 1906 Upton Sinclair's [|"The Jungle"] is published, exposing the dangers of the meat packing industry 1906- Cosmopolitan’s “[|Treason of the Senate]” 1907- [|United Press International] 1908- [|Christian Science Monitor] 1909- [|International News Service] 1910- [|Crisis] 1911 The first US fan magazine //[|Motion Picture Story Magazine]//debuted 1912 The first magazine for movie fans, [|"Photoplay,"] is debuted 1914- [|Audit Burea of Circulations] founded 1917-1918 Government impose censorship on newspapers during World War I 1920 [|Time] becomes the first weekly news magazine 1920 [|KDKA] is Pittsburgh gets first commercial radio license 1920 [|Tabloid]journalism flourishes in big 1922 Readers Digest Magazine founded - first printed in a [|Greenwich Village] basement in New York City, 5 Feb 1922 1922 [|First advertisement]on radio 1923 Time Magazine launched 1925-[| New Yorker]

1926 __Book of the Month Club__ begins. 1926 [|NBC] becomes first radio network 1933 Esquire debuts as first mens magazine

1935-Penguin Books (1st Paper back books in London)

1936 Life becomes first American magazine with picture 1936- [|Consumer Union Reports] 1939 [|Paperback book] introduced in the United States 1939- NBC unveils TV at [|World’s Fair]

1941 [|Life magazine]plays important role in reporting WW II 1942 John H. Johnson starts //[|Negro Digest]// 1948 [|Television] competes with newspapers as visual news medium [|1950 Advertising] shifts from magazines to television

1950 [|The National Book Awards] 1953 Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopia novel by Ray Bradbury

1953 Playboy magazine introduced; Marilyn Monroe is first centerfold 1955 //[|Guinness Book of Records]// published

1956- [|Collier’s] closes 1960 [|Paperback] sales surpasses hardbacks for the first time 1964- [|Marshall McLuhan] published "Understanding Media". 1967 Rolling Stone and New York Magazine debut, spawning the popularity of special interest and regional magazines 1969- [|Saturday Evening Post closes] 1970 [|Niche magazines] begin boom continues into 1900s 1970- [|Newspaper Preservation Act] 1971- [|Look Closes] 1972 [|L//ife// magazine died]; came back as monthly from 1978 to 2000 1974 [|//People// magazine]introduced 1978 [|Christian Women] magazine makes its debut. 1980 Number of publishers increases from 1,970 to 12,000 1982 USA today launched 1993 [|First e-book], // [|On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts] // by [|Thomas de Quincey], is published 1994 Salon.com (First online magazine)is launched 1995 Slate.com(initially owned by Microsoft) is launched 1994 For the first time, chain bookstores outsell independent stores; fears the death of smaller bookstore 1995 [|Amazon] begins selling books on the Internet 1996, [|Reader's Digest] was the world's most widely read magazine....over 27 million copies sold in 19 languages bought monthly.  1997 // [|Mediamorphosis] // by [|Roger Fidler] introduces the idea of media convergence 1997 JK Rowlings [|"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"] is published 1998 enacted

1998 Newspaper sites proliferate on Internet

2000s
2000 [|Microsoft and Adobe set standards for e-books] 2001 [|Amazon].com goes online 2001[| USA patriot Act] passed 2003 [|FCC Institutes relaxed media ownership rules] 2003- [|Readership Institute circulation study] 2003- [|Project Gutenberg] and Search Inside the Book debut 2004 [|Digital]epistolary novels become established 2005- [|Salon] reaches profitability 2005- [|Google ignites controversy]with plan to scan copyrighted books 2005- “Today, however, although more than 81,000 businesses call themselves book publishers, only a very small percentage produces four or more titles a year”- [|Teague] 2006 Sony Reader launched 2006- [|ELLEgirl] and Teen People close

2007 Final Harry Potter book Amazon's Kindle Picture of Final Harry Potter Book 2007 [|Am][|zon launches Kindle], platform for reading e-books 2007 Rubert Murdoch buys Wall Street Journal 2007 Stephen King's UR written exclusively for Kindle

Added Picture of Stephen King



2008-Wal-Mart cuts 1000 titles from its magazine stock-including the Economist, Business Week, Forbes and Fortune 2009 Arena, the monthly Men magazine that revitalized the lifestyle closed in United Kingdom 2009 Dennis Publications stops publishing Maxim (United Kingdom Edition) 2009-[| Christian Science Monitor] ceases daily publication Rocky Mountain News shuttered 2010- First [|Twilight Saga]released